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The African Development Bank Operational Safeguards: a practical guide
On the African continent, the AfDB is one of the most active infrastructure lenders. Its Integrated Safeguards System, revised in 2023, governs a portfolio spanning energy, transport, water, agriculture and urban development. The new architecture, comprising ten Operational Safeguards, is closer to the IFC framework whilst retaining African specificities that must be mastered in due diligence.
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E&S categorisation of projects: A, B or C, who decides and on what criteria
An infrastructure project often mobilises several financiers. Each applies its own E&S risk categorisation grid. On a single project, labels may diverge. Understanding who decides and on what criteria avoids unpleasant surprises in due diligence.
DFI E&S Audit: Preparing for Field Due Diligence
Due diligence does not stop at financial close. Throughout the life of the loan, the lender's technical adviser returns to the field to verify that commitments made on paper are also kept on the construction site. A well-prepared monitoring mission passes without incident. A mission endured reveals gaps that no one saw coming.
PS1-compliant ESMS: building the document system without bureaucratic overload
Performance Standard 1 requires a management system, not a pile of binders. Yet many projects respond to the requirement with volume. They produce a hundred documents that no one re-reads and believe themselves compliant. True compliance rests on a few well-articulated components, scaled to actual risk.
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